1.Samuel is the network administrator of DataX Communications, Inc. He is trying to configure his firewall to block password brute force attempts on his network. He enables blocking the intruder’s IP address for a period of 24 hours time after more than three unsuccessful attempts. He is confident that this rule will secure his network from hackers on the Internet. But he still receives hundreds of thousands brute-force attempts generated from various IP addresses around the world. After some investigation he realizes that the intruders are using a proxy somewhere else on the Internet which has been scripted to enable the random usage of various proxies on each request so as not to get caught by the firewall rule. Later he adds another rule to his firewall and enables small sleep on the password attempt so that if the password is incorrect, it would take 45 seconds to return to the user to begin another attempt. Since an intruder may use multiple machines to brute force the password, he also throttles the number of connections that will be prepared to accept from a particular IP address. This action will slow the intruder’s attempts. Samuel wants to completely block hackers brute force attempts on his network. What are the alternatives to defending against possible brute-force password attacks on his site?
A.Enforce a password policy and use account lockouts after three wrong logon attempts even though this might lock out legit users
B.Enable the IDS to monitor the intrusion attempts and alert you by e-mail about the IP address of the intruder so that you can block them at the Firewall manually
C.Enforce complex password policy on your network so that passwords are more difficult to brute force
D.You cannot completely block the intruders attempt if they constantly switch proxies
Correct:D
2.Which programming language is NOT vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks?
A.Java
B.ActiveX
C.C++
D.Assembly Language
Correct:A
3.A client has approached you with a penetration test requirement. They are concerned with the possibility of external threat, and have invested considerable resources in protecting their Internet exposure. However, their main concern is the possibility of an employee elevating his/her privileges and gaining access to information outside of their department. What kind of penetration test would you recommend that would best address the client’s concern?
A.A Grey Hat test
B.A Grey Box test
C.A Black Hat test
D.A White Hat test
E.A Black Box test
F.A White Box test
Correct:B
4.What type of port scan is shown below? Scan directed at open port: ClientServer 192.5.2.92:4079 ———FIN———>192.5.2.110:23 192.5.2.92:4079 <—-NO RESPONSE——192.5.2.110:23 Scan directed at closed port: ClientServer 192.5.2.92:4079 ———FIN———>192.5.2.110:23 192.5.2.92:4079<—–RST/ACK———-192.5.2.110:23
A.Idle Scan
B.FIN Scan
C.XMAS Scan
D.Windows Scan
Correct:B
5.Which of the following built-in C/C++ functions you should avoid to prevent your program from buffer overflow attacks?
A.strcpy()
B.strcat()
C.streadd()
D.strsock()
Correct:A B C
6.Bob is acknowledged as a hacker of repute and is popular among visitors of ‘underground’ sites. Bob is willing to share his knowledge to those who are willing to learn, and many have expressed their interest in learning from him. However, this knowledge has risks associated with it, as the same knowledge can be used for malevolent attacks as well. In this context, what would be the most effective method to bridge the knowledge gap between the “black” hats or crackers and the “white” hats or computer security professionals?
A.Hire more computer security monitoring personnel to monitor computer systems and networks
B.Educate everyone with books, articles and training on risk analysis, vulnerabilities and safeguards
C.Train more national guard and reservist in the art of computer security to help out in times of emergency or crises
D.Make obtaining either a computer security certification or accreditation easier to achieve so more individuals feel that they are a part of something larger than life
Correct:B
7.After a client sends a connection request (SYN) packet to the server, the server will respond (SYN-ACK) with a sequence number of its choosing, which then must be acknowledged (ACK) by the client. This sequence number is predictable; the attack connects to a service first with its own IP address, records the sequence number chosen, and then opens a second connection from a forged IP address. The attack doesn’t see the SYN-ACK (or any other packet) from the server, but can guess the correct responses. If the source IP address is used for authentication, then the attacker can use the one-sided communication to break into the server. What attacks can you successfully launch against a server using the above technique?
A.Session Hijacking attacks
B.Denial of Service attacks
C.Web page defacement attacks
D.IP spoofing attacks
Correct:A
8.Eric notices repeated probes to port 1080. He learns that the protocol being used is designed to allow a host outside of a firewall to connect transparently and securely through the firewall. He wonders if his firewall has been breached. What would be your inference?
A.Eric’s network has been penetrated by a firewall breach
B.The attacker is using the ICMP protocol to have a covert channel
C.Eric has a Wingate package providing FTP redirection on his network
D.Somebody is using SOCKS on the network to communicate through the firewall
Correct:D
9.Mark works as a contractor for the Department of Defense and is in charge of network security. He has spent the last month securing access to his network from all possible entry points. He has segmented his network into several subnets and has installed firewalls all over the network. He has placed very stringent rules on all the firewalls, blocking everything in and out except ports that must be used. He does need to have port 80 open since his company hosts a website that must be accessed from the Internet. Mark is fairly confident of his perimeter defenses, but is still worried about programs like Hping2 that can get into a network through covert channels. How should mark protect his network from an attacker using Hping2 to scan his internal network?
A.Block ICMP type 13 messages
B.Block all incoming traffic on port 53
C.Block all outgoing traffic on port 53
D.Use stateful inspection on the firewalls
Correct:A
10.Bill has started to notice some slowness on his network when trying to update his company’s website and while trying to access the website from the Internet. Bill asks the help desk manager if he has received any calls about slowness from the end users, but the help desk manager says that he has not. Bill receives a number of calls from customers that cannot access the company website and cannot purchase anything online. Bill logs on to a couple of his routers and notices that the logs show network traffic is at an all time high.?He also notices that almost all the traffic is originating from a specific address. Bill decides to use Geotrace to find out where the suspect IP is originates from. The Geotrace utility runs a traceroute and finds that the IP is coming from Panama.?Bill knows that none of his customers are in Panama so he immediately thinks that his company is under a Denial of Service attack. Now Bill needs to find out more about the originating IP address. What Internet registry should Bill look in to find the IP address?
A.LACNIC
B.ARIN
C.RIPE LACNIC
D.APNIC
Correct:A
11.Bill has successfully executed a buffer overflow against a Windows IIS web server. He has been able to spawn an interactive shell and plans to deface the main web page. He first attempts to use the “Echo” command to simply overwrite index.html and remains unsuccessful. He then attempts to delete the page and achieves no progress. Finally, he tries to overwrite it with another page in which also he remains unsuccessful. What is the probable cause of Bill’s problem?
A.The system is a honeypot
B.The HTML file has permissions of read only
C.You cannot use a buffer overflow to deface a web page
D.There is a problem with the shell and he needs to run the attack again
Correct:B
12.Clive is conducting a pen-test and has just port scanned a system on the network. He has identified the operating system as Linux and been able to elicit responses from ports 23, 25 and 53. He infers port 23 as running Telnet service, port 25 as running SMTP service and port 53 as running DNS service. The client confirms these findings and attests to the current availability of the services. When he tries to telnet to port 23 or 25, he gets a blank screen in response. On typing other commands, he sees only blank spaces or underscores symbols on the screen. What are you most likely to infer from this?
A.The services are protected by TCP wrappers
B.There is a honeypot running on the scanned machine
C.An attacker has replaced the services with trojaned ones
D.This indicates that the telnet and SMTP server have crashed
Correct:A
13.Maurine is working as a security consultant for Hinklemeir Associates.She has asked the Systems Administrator to create a group policy that would not allow null sessions on the network. The Systems Administrator is fresh out of college and has never heard of null sessions and does not know what they are used for. Maurine is trying to explain to the Systems Administrator that hackers will try to create a null session when footprinting the network. Why would an attacker try to create a null session with a computer on a network?
A.Enumerate users and shares
B.Install a backdoor for later attacks
C.Escalate his/her privileges on the target server
D.To create a user with administrative privileges for later use
Correct:A
14.What file system vulnerability does the following command take advantage of? type c:\anyfile.exe > c:\winnt\system32\calc.exe:anyfile.exe
A.HFS
B.ADS
C.NTFS
D.Backdoor access
Correct:B
15.What is the purpose of firewalking?
A.It’s a technique used to map routers on a network link
B.It’s a technique used to discover Wireless network on foot
C.It’s a technique used to discover interface in promiscuous mode
D.It’s a technique used to discover what rules are configured on a gateway
Correct:D
16.Travis works primarily from home as a medical transcriptionist. He just bought a brand new Dual Core Pentium computer with over 3 GB of RAM. He uses voice recognition software to help him transfer what he dictates to electronic documents. The voice recognition software is processor intensive, which is why he bought the new computer. Travis frequently has to get on the Internet to do research on what he is working on. After about two months of working on his new computer, he notices that it is not running nearly as fast as it used to. Travis uses antivirus software, anti-spyware software, and always keeps the computer up-to-date with Microsoft patches. After another month of working on the computer, Travis’ computer is even more noticeably slow. Every once in awhile, Travis also notices a window or two pop-up on his screen, but they quickly disappear.He has seen these windows show up, even when he has not been on the Internet. Travis is really worried about his computer because he spent a lot of money on it, and he depends on it to work. Travis scans his computer with all kinds of software, and cannot find anything out of the ordinary. Travis decides to go through Windows Explorer and check out the file system, folder by folder, to see if there is anything he can find. He spends over four hours pouring over the files and folders and cannot find anything.But, before he gives up, he notices that his computer only has about 10 GB of free space available.Since his hard drive is a 200 GB hard drive, Travis thinks this is very odd. Travis downloads Space Monger and adds up the sizes for all the folders and files on his computer. According to his calculations, he should have around 150 GB of free space. What is mostly likely the cause of Travis’ problems?
A.Travis’s computer is infected with stealth kernel level rootkit
B.Travis’s computer is infected with Stealth Trojan Virus
C.Travis’s computer is infected with Self-Replication Worm that fills the hard disk space
D.Logic Bomb is triggered at random times creating hidden data consuming junk files
Correct:A
17.Why is Social Engineering considered attractive by hackers and commonly done by experts in the field?
A.It is not considered illegal
B.It is done by well-known hackers
C.It is easy and extremely effective to gain information
D.It does not require a computer in order to commit a crime
Correct:C
18.Lori has just been tasked by her supervisor toonduct vulnerability scan on the corporate network.She has been instructed to perform a very thorough test of the network to ensure that there are no security holes on any of the machines.Lori’s company does not own any commercial scanning products, so she decides to download a free one off the Internet.Lori has never done a vulnerability scan before, so she is unsure of some of the settings available in the software she downloaded.One of the options is to choose which ports that can be scanned.Lori wants to do exactly what her boss has told her, but she does not know what ports should be scanned. If Lori is supposed to scan all known TCP ports, how many ports should she select in the software?
A.65536
B.1024
C.1025
D.Lori should not scan TCP ports, only UDP ports
Correct:A
19.Samantha has been actively scanning the client network for which she is doing a vulnerability assessment test. While doing a port scan she notices ports open in the 135 to 139 range. What protocol is most likely to be listening on those ports?
A.FTP
B.SMB
C.Finger
D.Samba
Correct:B
20.A program that defends against a port scanner will attempt to:
A.Sends back bogus data to the port scanner
B.Log a violation and recommend use of security-auditing tools
C.Limit access by the scanning system to publicly available ports only
D.Update a firewall rule in real time to prevent the port scan from being completed
Correct:D
21.A simple compiler technique used by programmers is to add a terminator ‘canary word’ containing four letters NULL (0×00), CR (0×0d), LF (0×0a) and EOF (0xff) so that most string operations are terminated. If the canary word has been altered when the function returns, and the program responds by emitting an intruder alert into syslog, and then halts what does it indicate?
A.The system has crashed
B.A buffer overflow attack has been attempted
C.A buffer overflow attack has already occurred
D.A firewall has been breached and this is logged
E.An intrusion detection system has been triggered
Correct:B
22.Blake is in charge of securing all 20 of his company’s servers. He has enabled hardware and software firewalls, hardened the operating systems, and disabled all unnecessary services on all the servers. Unfortunately, there is proprietary AS400 emulation software that must run on one of the servers that requires the telnet service to function properly. Blake is especially concerned about this since telnet can be a very large security risk in an organization. Blake is concerned about how this particular server might look to an outside attacker so he decides to perform some footprinting, scanning, and penetration tests on the server.Blake telnets into the server and types in the following command: HEAD / HTTP/1.0 After pressing enter twice, Blake gets the following results: What has Blake just accomplished?
A.Grabbed the banner
B.Downloaded a file to his local computer
C.Submitted a remote command to crash the server
D.Poisoned the local DNS cache of the server
Correct:A
23.Harold is the senior security analyst for a small state agency in New York.He has no other security professionals that work under him, so he has to do all the security-related tasks for the agency.Coming from a computer hardware background, Harold does not have a lot of experience with security methodologies and technologies, but he was the only one who applied for the position. Harold is currently trying to run a Sniffer on the agency’s network to get an idea of what kind of traffic is being passed around, but the program he is using does not seem to be capturing anything.He pours through the Sniffer’s manual, but cannot find anything that directly relates to his problem.Harold decides to ask the network administrator if he has any thoughts on the problem.Harold is told that the Sniffer was not working because the agency’s network is a switched network, which cannot be sniffed by some programs without some tweaking. What technique could Harold use to sniff his agency’s switched network?
A.ARP spoof the default gateway
B.Conduct MiTM against the switch
C.Launch smurf attack against the switch
D.Flood the switch with ICMP packets
Correct:A
24.You have retrieved the raw hash values from a Windows 2000 Domain Controller. Using social engineering, you know that they are enforcing strong passwords. You understand that all users are required to use passwords that are at least 8 characters in length. All passwords must also use 3 of the 4 following categories: lower case letters, capital letters, numbers and special characters. With your given knowledge of users, likely user account names and the possibility that they will choose the easiest passwords possible, what would be the fastest type of password cracking attack you can run against these hash values to get results?
A.Hybrid Attack
B.Dictionary Attack
C.Encryption Attack
D.Brute Force Attack
Correct:A
25.When writing shellcodes, you must avoid ____________ because these will end the string. charhellcode[] f11 “\xeb\x1f\x5e\x89\x76\x08\x31\xc0\x88\x46\x07\x89\x46\x0c\xb0\x0b” f11 “\x89\xf3\x8d\x4e\x08\x8d\x56\x0c\xcd\x80\x31\xdb\x89\xd8\x40\xcd” f11 “\x80\xe8\xdc\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh”; voidain()? { int?ret; f11 ? ret??int?)&ret??; f11 ? (*ret)??int)shellcode; }
A.Null bytes
B.Root bytes
C.Char bytes
D.Unicode bytes
Correct:A
26.One of the most common and the best way of cracking RSA encryption is to begin to derive the two prime numbers, which are used in the RSA PKI mathematical process. If the two numbers p and q are discovered through a _____________ process, then the private key can be derived.
A.Factorization
B.Prime detection
C.Hashing
D.Brute-forcing
Correct:A
27.Bob has been hired to do a web application security test. Bob notices that the site is dynamic and must make use of a back end database. Bob wants to see if SQL Injection would be possible. What is the first character that Bob should use to attempt breaking valid SQL request?
A.Single Quote
B.Semi Column
C.Double Quote
D.Exclamation Mark
Correct:A
28.Paula works as the primary help desk contact for her company.Paula has just received a call from a user reporting that his computer just displayed a Blue Screen of Death screen and he can no longer work.Paula walks over to the user’s computer and sees the Blue Screen of Death screen.The user’s computer is running Windows XP, but the Blue Screen looks like a familiar one that Paula had seen on Windows 2000 computers periodically. The user said he stepped away from his computer for only 15 minutes and when he got back, the Blue Screen was there.Paula also noticed that the hard drive activity light was flashing, meaning that the computer was processing something.Paula knew this should not be the case since the computer should be completely frozen during a Blue Screen. She checks the network IDS live log entries and notices numerous nmap scan alerts. What is Paula seeing happen on this computer?
A.Paula’s network was scanned using Floppyscan
B.Paula’s network was scanned using Dumpsec
C.There was IRQ conflict in Paula’s PC
D.Tools like Nessus will cause BSOD
Correct:A
29.Study the following log extract and identify the attack. 12/26-07:06:01.155349 128.173.37.135:1443 -> 172.16.1.106:80 TCP TTL:13 TOS:0×40 ID:35491 IpLen:20 DgmLen:493 DF ***AP*** Seq: 0×2BDC107 Ack: 0×1CB9F186 Win: 0×2238 TcpLen: 20 47 45 54 20 2F 6D 73 61 64 63 2F 2E 2E C0 AF 2E GET /msadc/….. 2E 2F 2E 2E C0 AF 2E 2E 2F 2E 2E C0 AF 2E 2E 2F ./……/……/ 77 69 6E 6E 74 2F 73 79 73 74 65 6D 33 32 2F 63 winnt/system32/c 6D 64 2E 65 78 65 3F 2F 63 2B 64 69 72 2B 63 3A md.exe?/c+dir+c: 5C 20 48 54 54 50 2F 31 2E 31 0D 0A 41 63 63 65 \ HTTP/1.1..Acce 70 74 3A 20 69 6D 61 67 65 2F 67 69 66 2C 20 69 pt: image/gif, i 6D 61 67 65 2F 78 2D 78 62 69 74 6D 61 70 2C 20 mage/x-xbitmap 69 6D 61 67 65 2F 6A 70 65 67 2C 20 69 6D 61 67 image/jpeg, imag 65 2F 70 6A 70 65 67 2C 20 61 70 70 6C 69 63 61 e/pjpeg, applica 74 69 6F 6E 2F 76 6E 64 2E 6D 73 2D 65 78 63 65 tion/vnd.ms-exce 6C 2C 20 61 70 70 6C 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 2F 6D l, application/m 73 77 6F 72 64 2C 20 61 70 70 6C 69 63 61 74 69 sword, applicati 6F 6E 2F 76 6E 64 2E 6D 73 2D 70 6F 77 65 72 70 on/vnd.ms-powerp 6F 69 6E 74 2C 20 2A 2F 2A 0D 0A 41 63 63 65 70 oint, */*..Accep 74 2D 4C 61 6E 67 75 61 67 65 3A 20 65 6E 2D 75 t-Language: en-u 73 0D 0A 41 63 63 65 70 74 2D 45 6E 63 6F 64 69 s..Accept-Encodi 6E 67 3A 20 67 7A 69 70 2C 20 64 65 66 6C 61 74 ng: gzip, deflat 65 0D 0A 55 73 65 72 2D 41 67 65 6E 74 3A 20 4D e..User-Agent: M 6F 7A 69 6C 6C 61 2F 34 2E 30 20 28 63 6F 6D 70 ozilla/4.0 (comp 61 74 69 62 6C 65 3B 20 4D 53 49 45 20 35 2E 30 atible; MSIE 5.0 31 3B 20 57 69 6E 64 6F 77 73 20 39 35 29 0D 0A 1; Windows 95).. 48 6F 73 74 3A 20 6C 61 62 2E 77 69 72 65 74 72 Host: lib.bvxttr 69 70 2E 6E 65 74 0D 0A 43 6F 6E 6E 65 63 74 69 ip.org..Connecti 6F 6E 3A 20 4B 65 65 70 2D 41 6C 69 76 65 0D 0A on: Keep-Alive.. 43 6F 6F 6B 69 65 3A 20 41 53 50 53 45 53 53 49 Cookie: ASPSESSI 4F 4E 49 44 47 51 51 51 51 51 5A 55 3D 4B 4E 4F ONIDGQQQQQZU=KNO 48 4D 4F 4A 41 4B 50 46 4F 50 48 4D 4C 41 50 4E HMOJAKPFOPHMLAPN 49 46 49 46 42 0D 0A 0D 0A 41 50 4E 49 46 49 46 IFIFB….APNIFIF 42 0D 0A 0D 0A B….
A.Hexcode Attack
B.Cross Site Scripting
C.Multiple Domain Traversal Attack
D.Unicode Directory Traversal Attack
Correct:D
30.While doing web application testing, you might be required to look through multiple web pages online which can take a long time. Which process below would be a more efficient way of doing this type of validation?
A.Use get utility to download all pages locally for further inspection
B.Use get * utility to download all pages locally for further inspection
C.Use wget utility to download all pages locally for further inspection
D.Use mget utility to download all pages locally for further inspection
Correct:C
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